According to addiction research, what type of psychiatric symptoms is most commonly observed in AOD abusers?

The most commonly observed psychiatric symptoms in individuals who abuse alcohol and other drugs (AOD) are depressive symptoms. This correlation is significant because substance use can exacerbate or trigger depressive episodes, leading to a cycle of addiction and mental health issues. Research indicates that many individuals with substance use disorders experience major depressive disorder or other mood disorders, which can manifest as persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, fatigue, and feelings of worthlessness.

Depressive symptoms are often influenced by the biochemistry of addiction, where the effects of substances can alter neurotransmitter systems involved in mood regulation. For instance, prolonged use of certain substances can lead to changes in brain chemistry that contribute to the onset of depression. Additionally, the lifestyle associated with substance abuse, such as social isolation, financial problems, and relationship difficulties, can also increase the likelihood of experiencing depressive symptoms.

In contrast, while social anxiety, narcissistic traits, and panic attacks can be seen in some individuals with substance use disorders, these symptoms are generally less prevalent compared to depressive symptoms. Social anxiety may be present due to substance-related behaviors, yet it's not as strongly linked to addiction as depression. Similarly, narcissism and panic attacks might occur but are not as broadly recognized as common comorbid issues associated with