Which factor has been associated with substance abuse issues among African Americans?

Racism has been identified as a significant factor associated with substance abuse issues among African Americans. This connection can be understood through several lenses, including the psychological and social impacts of systemic racism. The chronic stress and trauma resulting from discrimination, marginalization, and social inequality can lead individuals to engage in substance use as a coping mechanism. Moreover, experiences of racism may limit access to opportunities and resources, perpetuating cycles of poverty and stress that can further increase the vulnerability to substance use.

Research shows that experiencing racism can impact mental health, leading to higher rates of anxiety, depression, and other psychological distress, which are strong risk factors for substance use and addiction. This context illustrates that racism is not just a societal issue but has profound implications for individual health outcomes, especially in communities that have historically faced systemic oppression.

In contrast, increased access to healthcare typically provides individuals with more resources to seek treatment and support for substance-related issues, while higher education levels often correlate with more knowledge about health and wellness, leading to healthier lifestyle choices. Community support can also play a preventive role, fostering resilience and providing resources that help individuals avoid or address substance use concerns. Therefore, among the options given, racism is particularly salient as a factor contributing to substance abuse challenges in African American